“力学动态”文摘,第32卷,第6期,2015年12月25日
编辑组:http://em.hhu.edu.cn/mechbrief/bwh.html
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编者按:《力学动态》文摘邮件列表目前由河海大学工程力学系维护,依托于江苏省力学学会信息工作部, 由江苏泰斯特电子设备制造有限公司协办 。
每月10日和25日发送,免费订阅、自由退订。欢迎发布信息、交流体会、共享经验。
本期目录:
◆ 新闻报道
“2014全国实验力学新方法、新技术与未来发展战略研讨会”纪要
中国计算力学大会“2014暨第三届钱令希计算力学奖颁奖大会”在贵阳召开
中国计算力学大会国家自然科学基金委员会与英国皇家学会、英国医学科学院共同设立人才项目“牛顿高级学者基金”
Professor Atluri received Walter J. and Angeline H. Crichlow Trust Prize of US $100,000
◆ 学术会议
第十三届全国渗流力学学术会议暨渗流力学国际学术论坛第一轮征文通知
7th International Conference on Porous Media & Annual Meeting
◆ 招生招聘
National Centre For Groundwater Research And Training (NCGRT) PhD Research Opportunities
A Post-Doctoral Associate Position in Florida International University
◆ 学术期刊
部分期刊近期目录
◆
网络精华
◆ 友情链接
Fractional Derivative & Applications Express Vol. 12, No 5, Sep. 15, 2014
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新闻报道
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“2014全国实验力学新方法、新技术与未来发展战略研讨会”纪要
(国防科技大学尚洋供稿)
由中国力学学会实验力学专业委员会、国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部主办,上海交通大学、清华大学和宁夏大学共同承办的“2014全国实验力学新方法、新技术与未来发展战略研讨会”,于2014 年8 月11~14 日在宁夏大学国际交流中心召开。国内实验力学领域的学者以及力学相关领域的部分同行共一百三十余人参加了本次研讨会。国家自然科学基金委员会杨卫主任、数理学部汲培文常务副主任、孟庆国副主任、力学处詹世革处长,中国科学技术大学伍小平院士、国防科技大学于起峰院士、北京大学方岱宁院士、成都大学王清远校长、内蒙古工业大学邢永明校长、宁夏大学何建国校长、北京工业大学吴斌副校长等高校领导参加了本次研讨会。
会议特别邀请了国内物理、光学、电子、核、材料、力学等不同领域的8位专家到会作邀请报告,并针对我国实验力学未来重点发展方向开展了深入研讨。其中,于起峰院士作了题为“实验力学学科概况与研究进展”的开场报告,向与会代表介绍了实验力学的学科定位、国际和国内的前沿发展方向、以及我国实验力学学科发展概况和未来规划等,并重点介绍了举办本次高端研讨会的主旨,即通过听取相关学科专家的报告,研讨实验力学学科如何吸收物理、电子、信息等学科大量的新成果,促进实验力学学科的跨越式创新发展,明确实验力学学科在“十三五”期间发展导向和战略布局。国家自然科学基金委数理学部汲培文常务副主任作了题为“科学基金仪器类项目的特征与思考”的报告。汲副主任在报告中介绍了自然科学基金科学仪器项目的基本定位、科学仪器项目的类别与侧重点等,总结了科学仪器项目申请中常见的问题,并结合实例对科学仪器项目申请中应注意的事项进行了分析。北京大学方岱宁院士作了题为“对实验力学学科发展的建议”的报告。他就实验力学方向在自然基金重大项目、创新团队和杰出青年基金申请中的问题,重大实验和测量仪器申请缺失,以及如何激发青年学者的开拓精神等问题进行了分析。
学术报告后,国家自然科学基金委员会主任杨卫院士发表了“发展更加开放、更加包容、更加进取的实验力学”的讲话。杨卫院士首先回顾了从力学实验到实验力学,再到形成实验力学学科,进而衍生出各个特色方向的历史沿革,然后总结和分析了使实验力学学科充满活力的几大要点:一是要保持开放性,研究手段既要注重特色,同时思路不能封闭,研究对象要不断推陈出新;二是要保持包容性,实验力学是力学学科驱动的实验科学,应该与理论研究、数值模拟研究手段等兼容并包,并且实验研究更讲究合作,而目前恰恰缺乏大规模的实验研究;三是要保持进取性,实验力学学者要有问题导向的意识、扩张实验手段的意识和联合攻关的意识。最后,杨卫院士列举了几项重大资金项目申请的案例,并通过发改委重大创新工程、科技部重大科技攻关任务等分析了国家未来的重大科技需求,激励实验力学工作者面向国家重大需求开展攻关、勇于承担大项目、做大贡献。
会议闭幕式上,国家自然科学基金委数理学部力学处詹士革处长、自然基金委主任杨卫院士分别作了发言。实验力学专委会主任委员于起峰院士对本次研讨会进行了总结。于起峰院士指出本次会议的主要目的就是找不足、找方向。实验力学界要做到更加开放、包容、进取:要与其他相关学科领域相包容,还要突破院校圈,与工业界相包容,面向重大需求出创新成果;要改变小打小闹的模式,除了单项技术,还要着重考虑如何以重大科学和工程问题为导向,并“借力打力”做大事。最后,于起峰院士、上海交通大学陈巨兵教授代表会议主办方、会务组向国家自然基金委、宁夏大学、上海交通大学、清华大学以及与会嘉宾表示了诚挚感谢。
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中国计算力学大会
“2014暨第三届钱令希计算力学奖颁奖大会”在贵阳召开
(摘自中国力学学会网站)
2014年8月10-13日,由中国力学学会计算力学专业委员会主办、湖南大学承办的“中国计算力学大会2014暨第三届钱令希计算力学奖颁奖大会”在贵阳顺利召开。
来自全国各地近100个单位的400多名代表参加了本次会议,会议共收到学术交流论文330篇。中国科学院钟万勰院士和中国工程院崔俊芝院士,中国力学学会计算力学专业委员会主任委员、国际计算力学学会副主席、北京大学袁明武教授,中国力学学会计算力学专业委员会副主任委员庄茁教授、章青教授及湖南大学韩旭教授等出席了会议。
开幕式由湖南大学韩旭教授主持,中国力学学会计算力学专委会主任委员袁明武教授致开幕词,北京工业大学隋允康教授宣布获得第三届钱令希计算力学奖的得主:大连理工大学胡平教授和兰州大学的王记增教授。钟万勰院士为他们颁发了获奖证书。
中国科学院院士钟万勰教授作了“祖冲之类算法”报告,中国工程院院士崔俊芝教授作了“土木工程中的计算力学与技术”报告,两位院士的精彩报告获得参会代表的热烈反响。清华大学庄茁教授、大连理工大学胡平教授、兰州大学王记增教授、广州大学李志山教授和北京理工大学王成教授作了大会报告。西安交通大学刘子顺教授、北京大学陈璞教授、湖南大学胡德安副教授、北京工业大学郑宏教授、中国飞机强度研究所段世惠副总师和大连理工大学段庆林副教授作了半大会报告。大会和半大会学术报告内容新颖、学术水平高,反映了我国计算力学领域研究的新进展。
与会代表们就计算固体力学、计算流体力学、流固耦合问题、计算结构动力学、计算方法和软件开发、工程应用等七个专题进行了广泛的学术交流。共有330位代表作了学术交流报告。代表们对近年在计算力学领域取得的新进展进行了广泛和深入的交流,对我国计算力学的发展产生了重要的促进作用。
会议期间,中国力学学会计算力学专业委员会还召开了工作会议,专业委员会委员和特邀委员代表参加了会议。专业委员会主任委员袁明武教授主持会议。袁明武对计算力学专业委员会2014年的工作做了总结,介绍了近期国际和国内计算力学领域的学术交流活动。本次会议还对下一届专业委员会组成委员进行了提名,并新增特邀委员和荣誉委员。拟在2015年专业委员会换届时统一上报中国力学学会理事会。另外,会议确定了下一届中国计算力学大会的承办单位为浙江大学。
闭幕式上,袁明武教授和庄茁教授分别进行了发言,对本次会议的组织工作给以了充分的肯定,向本次大会承办单位湖南大学表示了感谢,并对会议的圆满成功表示了祝贺。湖南大学机械与运载工程学院院长韩旭教授简要介绍了本次大会的组织工作情况,并代表承办单位向中国力学学会计算力学专业委员会对湖南大学的支持表示了衷心的感谢,向参加本次大会的各位代表表达了谢意。
此次会议得到《计算力学学报》、《固体力学学报》、《应用数学和力学》、《计算机辅助工程》等期刊社的大力支持。
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(摘自国家自然科学基金委网站)
为推动中英长期实质性合作研究,促进中英两国科研人才与科研团队深入开展合作与交流,2014年度国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)与英国皇家学会(RS)、英国医学科学院(the Academy of Medical Sciences)共同设立人才项目(英方项目名称为: Newton Advanced Fellowship,即“牛顿高级学者基金”),资助我国青年学者与英国合作者之间的交流互访与合作研究活动。
一、 项目说明
1. 资助领域:自然科学与医学,包括物理、化学、数学、生命科学、地球科学、工程与材料科学、信息科学与医学。
2. 资助强度:中方资助强度为每项不超过50万元人民币,用于中方申请人的研究经费。英方资助强度为每项不超过11.1万英镑,包括中方申请人的工资增补费、研究支持经费、培训费和国际合作交流费用等。英方经费申请和使用细节请参考英方项目指南(附件1)。
3. 项目执行期:2015年3月1日至2018年2月28日(3年),申请人在每年年末应提交项目进展报告,项目执行期结束后应提交结题报告。
二、 申请资格
1. 中方申请人应正在承担或承担过“国家杰出青年科学基金项目”或“优秀青年科学基金项目”,且申请人获得博士学位(或取得同等研究资质)的时间不早于2000年(即获得博士学位后,从事研究工作未满15年),能够使用英语开展研究工作。
2. 中方申请人须与英方合作者共同申请该项目,且英方合作者应符合RS对本国申请人的资格要求。
三、 限项规定
1. 本项目不计入具有高级专业技术职务(职称)的人员申请和承担项目总数限3项的范围。
2. 关于限项规定的其他说明,请见《2014年度国家自然科学基金项目指南》。
四、 申请流程
中方申请人需同时向国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)与英国皇家学会(RS)提交申请。
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Professor Atluri received Walter J. and Angeline H. Crichlow Trust Prize of US $100,000
In
August 2014, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
announced that Professor Atluri is the recipient of the 2015 "Walter J. and
Angeline H. Crichlow Trust Prize", with the citation, “For lasting contributions
to airframe structural integrity and durability analysis using novel
computational methods (MLPG meshless methods) and micromechanics of materials
genome.”. The Crichlow Trust Prize is one of the most coveted awards of AIAA,
which is awarded only once every 4 years, and carries an Honorarium of US
$100,000.
The recent development by Prof. Atluri and Dr.
Z.D. Han on "MLPG-Eshelby Method in Computational Finite Deformation Solid
Mechanics" is considered as a fundamental departure from the currently popular
finite element methods (FEM). They have both been identified as the "Highly
Cited Researchers" in the 2014 listing, by Thompson Reuter's ISI.
All MLPG papers are available at
http://care.eng.uci.edu/pubs.htm
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学术会议
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第十三届全国渗流力学学术会议暨渗流力学国际学术论坛
第一轮征文通知
(西南石油大学刘建军教授供稿)
为推动渗流力学研究成果的交流、促进渗流力学理论与应用的进一步发展,第十三届全国渗流力学学术会议暨渗流力学国际学术论坛将于2015年4月在成都召开。欢迎各位学者、专家以及工程技术人员踊跃投稿并报名参加本次学术会议。
具体事宜通知如下:
一、主 题:非常规油气开发与渗流
二、形 式:特邀报告与专题报告相结合
三、地 点:成都
四、时 间:2015年4月
五、主办、承办及协办单位
主办单位
中国力学学会、中国石油学会、中国岩石力学与工程学会
承办单位
西南石油大学、油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室
协办单位
中国石油西南油气田公司、中国石化西南油气分公司
中国石化中原油田分公司、成都理工大学
六、征稿范围:
1、资源及能源开发与渗流力学;
2、实验渗流力学;
3、计算渗流力学;
4、非达西、非牛顿、非等温、非线性渗流理论;
5、生物渗流力学;
6、环境、化工与渗流力学;
7、物理化学渗流力学;
8、地下水渗流与污染控制;
9、岩土与水利渗流力学;
10、多尺度渗流理论;
11、多场多相耦合渗流理论及应用;
12、多孔介质传热与传质分析;
13、其它与渗流相关内容
七、征文要求:
请于2014年9月20日前提交500字左右的中英文论文摘要。摘要应包括论文题目、作者姓名、工作单位、职务职称、最高学历、主要研究方向、联系方式、Email等信息。来稿恕不退还,请自留底稿。论文摘要发到会议指定信箱(shenliu13@163.com)即可,正式录用的论文将择优由《天然气工业》(EI收录)、《西南石油大学学报》(CSCD核心期刊、中文核心期刊)以正刊和增刊形式出版。录用的英文论文在英文期刊《Petroleum》上发表。
八、日期安排
1、第一轮通知(征文通知):2014年5月15日;
2、提交摘要截至日期:2014年9月20日;
3、第二轮通知(摘要录用):2014年10月20日;
4、提交全文截至日期:2014年12月20日;
5、论文修改截至日期:2015年2月28日;
6、第三轮通知(特邀报告和主题报告安排)
7、第四轮通知:2015年3月10日
九、会务组联系方式
通讯地址:四川省成都市新都区油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室.西南石油大学,邮编:610500
联系电话:028-83032901
联 系 人:张智、黄瑞瑶、蒋红
Email地址:shenliu13@163.com
会议网站:sllx2014.swpu.edu.cn
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7th International Conference on Porous Media & Annual Meeting
The 7th International Conference on Porous Media and the Annual Meeting of the
International Society for Porous Media (InterPore 2015) will be held in Padova,
Italy, 18-21 May 2015.
https://www.interpore.org/padova
The call for submission of proposals for minisyposia is open now. Similar to previous years, the conference program will cover the following four general themes, as well as any topic related to porous media:
(1) Fundamentals of porous media
(2) Computational challenges in porous media simulation
(3) Experimental achievements
(4) Environmental, technical and biomedical applications involving porous media
(5) Other
So, in your proposal, please indicate one of the above themes. The proposal should be prepared according to the template and sent to symposia2015@interpore.org
The prepared template for the mini-symposium proposal is available at the following link:
https://www.interpore.org/images/conferences/15Padova/templates/IPOR7_Minisymposia_Template.docx
Proposals will be reviewed by the Program Committee. Organizers of accepted
proposals will be in charge of the program of their minisymposia. They will
decide about accepting abstracts submitted to their minisymposium and choosing
oral and poster presentations. Each minisymposium will have both oral and poster
sessions. An oral session will have four lectures of 20 minutes each. The number
of oral sessions assigned to a given minisymposium will be determined by the
Program Committee based on the number of abstracts submitted to that
minisymposium. Accepted minisymposia will be announced by 17 November 2014.
-----------------------------------------
6th International Conference On Approximation Methods And
Numerical Modelling In Environment Andnatural Resources
6th International Conference On Approximation Methods And Numerical Modelling In Environment Andnatural Resources, to be held in Pau, France during June 1-5, 2015.
Important Dates:8th September, 2014: Abstract submission and Registration opened.1st February, 2015: Abstract submission closes.
Pre-registration is mandatory for contributors.
All accepted papers will be published as a proceedings with anISBN number. A printed copy of the proceedings will be given at the conference. Selected papers will be published after a refereeing process in a special issue of the journal Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.
For further information about the conference, please visit:http://mamern15.sciencesconf.org/
Minisymposia will be organized around the themes of interest of the conference MAMERN VI-2015.
A minisymposium consists of four 30-minutes invited presentations.
Prospective minisymposium organizers are asked to contact philippe.poncet@univ-pau.fr and david.trujillo@univ-pau.fr
We would like to request you to mark MAMERN VI -
2015 dates in your ScientificCalendar. Kindly inform your colleagues who might
be interested in attending the conference.
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招生招聘
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National Centre For Groundwater Research
And Training (NCGRT) PhD Research Opportunities
The National Centre for Groundwater
Research and Training (NCGRT) is seeking exceptional candidates for a number of
PhD research opportunities available throughout Australia. The Centre is
recognised as Australia’s leading groundwater research and training institution
and has delivered world leading groundwater science since its inception in 2009.
At its heart is a comprehensive research alliance comprising all of the key
federal and state government agencies, many leading international scholars and
12 Australian universities:
• Flinders University
• The University of New South Wales
• The Australian National University
• The University of Queensland
• The University of Western Australia
• Charles Sturt University
• James Cook University
• La Trobe University
• Monash University
• Queensland University of Technology
• University of South Australia
• University of Technology, Sydney
We are now seeking to train the next generation of groundwater specialists to conduct innovative research to address high priority national and international groundwater challenges. The Centre is developing a new suite of Flagship Programs, with projects in the following areas:
• Deepening our understanding of the impacts of unconventional gas and hydraulic fracturing on groundwater resources;
• Contributing to the successful implementation of the Murray-Darling Basin Plan;
• Exploring the role that groundwater can play in maintaining Australia’s water security;
• Contributing to the successful realisation of the Northern Australian development vision;
• Deepening our understanding of the impacts of climate change, climate variability and population change on Australia’s groundwater reserves.
Applications are sought from outstanding students with backgrounds in a range of science, engineering and social science disciplines who wish to undertake PhD studies at one of our partner universities. If you would like to apply for an NCGRT PhD position, please email enquiries@groundwater.com.au, attaching the following documents (pdf or jpeg only):
1. A covering letter, addressed to the Director, National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, summarising your research goals and any location preference;
2. Your curriculum vitae, and
3. Your academic transcripts.
The closing date for applications is Tuesday 30th September 2014. Following
consideration by the Centre's Research Management Committee, you will be advised
as to whether you will be invited to proceed with a formal application.
Please note that all prospective PhD students who are approved for candidature
are expected to apply for an Australian Postgraduate Award, or an equivalent at
their home university. Details of the APA process can be found here:
https://education.gov.au/australian-postgraduate-awards
.
-------------------------------------------
The Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at the George Washington University invites
applications for a tenure-track faculty position at the level of Assistant
Professor starting fall semester 2015. The primary field of interest is
mechanics of geomechanical and structural systems. Applications from women and
under-represented minority groups are strongly encouraged.
The successful candidate is expected to teach at both the undergraduate and
graduate levels, to establish and maintain a strong, externally-funded research
program, and to actively engage and contribute to internal and external
professional service.
Basic Qualifications:
For all applicants, a Bachelor's degree in civil engineering or closely related
fields, an earned Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering or closely
related fields, demonstrated expertise in theoretical and computational
mechanics with strong evidence of the ability to address complex engineering
problems across length and time scales.
Doctoral candidates will be considered, but must complete all the requirements
for the doctorate degree by August 1, 2015.
Application Procedure:
To apply, please visit http://www.gwu.jobs/postings/22610 and submit your application online. All applicants are required to submit the following items:
1) a curriculum vitae including the list of publications (no page limit);
2) a cover letter,
3) a statement of research plan, and
4) a statement of teaching interests and philosophy;
5) the names, contact information, e-mail addresses, and phone numbers of five (5) references.
Review of applications will begin on October 1, 2014, and will continue until the position is filled. Only complete applications will be accepted. For more information about the CEE department please visit the department’s web site at http://www.cee.seas.gwu.edu . Specific technical questions about the position(s) and the search process may be addressed by e-mail to the search committee chair, Dr. Pedro Silva. We request that applicants please refrain from phone calls or inquiries about the search decision.
EEO / AA Policy:
The university is an Equal Employment
Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer that does not unlawfully discriminate in
any of its programs or activities on the basis of race, color, religion, sex,
national origin, age, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender
identity or expression, or on any other basis prohibited by applicable law.
Applications from women and under-represented minority groups are strongly
encouraged.
-------------------------------------------
A Post-Doctoral Associate Position in Florida International University
Florida International University is a comprehensive university offering 340
majors in 188 degree programs in 23 colleges and schools, with innovative
bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral programs across all disciplines including
medicine, public health, law, journalism, hospitality, and architecture. FIU is
Carnegie-designated as both a research university with high research activity
and a community-engaged university. Located in the heart of the dynamic south
Florida urban region, our multiple campuses serve over 50,000 students, placing
FIU among the ten largest universities in the nation. Our annual research
expenditures in excess of $100 million and our deep commitment to engagement
have made FIU the go-to solutions center for issues ranging from local to
global. FIU leads the nation in granting bachelor’s degrees, including in the
STEM fields, to minority students and is first in awarding STEM master’s degrees
to Hispanics. Our students, faculty, and staff reflect Miami’s diverse
population, earning FIU the designation of Hispanic-Serving Institution. At FIU,
we are proud to be ‘Worlds Ahead’! For more information about FIU, visit fiu.edu.
The Applied Research Center is currently seeking a Post-Doctoral Associate to
join our team of professionals.
Duties include:
• Conducts collection, compilation, analysis, and management of spatial and temporal data using GIS tools and conducts simulations of watershed hydrology, water management scenarios and solute transport (contaminants, nutrients).
• Conducts and participates in model development, calibration and uncertainty analysis using MIKE SHE, MIKE 11, MIKEVIEW, MIKE URBAN, MIKE FLOOD and MIKE 11 GIS software.
• Compiles and/or assists in publications of research work twice annually.
• Contributes to the development of externally - funded research project. Secures $50,000 of external funding per year.
• Compiles scientific reports on model development, data analysis from simulations, and comparison of findings with observed data.
• Participates in teams of researchers for execution of current and proposing future work and provides support for current projects as needed including progress reports as required by the funding agency and budget
analysis.
• Provides support for management of graduate and undergraduate students.
• Assists the implementation and interpretation of operating procedures related to development of numerical models related to surface and subsurface hydrology.
• Assists in the formulation and administration of the assigned research programs/projects' budgets. Supports fiscal regulatory compliance to governing agency protocols.
• Maintains confidentially on any proprietary information or other intellectual property that is revealed while carrying out job responsibilities on the part of ARC business.
• Performs supporting technical and management function activities including expertise and leadership on various grants and contracts.
Assist in completing proposals in hydrology, water resources, nutrient and contaminant transport, and watershed management. Provides support in numerical modeling of water resource engineering projects and analysis of GIS data for hydrological models including model development, running simulations, and completion of project reports, presentations, and fact sheets.
• Performs other related duties, as required or directed. The omission of specific duties does not preclude the supervisor from assigning duties that are logically related to the position.
Minimum Qualifications: Ph.D. in areas related to water resources, engineering , chemistry, or environment.
Desired Qualifications: Computational experience in watershed flow and transport, including surface, subsurface and river flow preferred. Knowledge in environmental fate and transport parameters related to development of numerical models, including thermodynamics and kinetics of organic and inorganic water constituents is required. Experience with software from DHI (specifically using MIKE SHE, MIKE 11 and MIKE 11 GIS software) for compiling, developing, and executing integrated watershed models is required. Ability to use engineering software and display, visualize, and provide statistical analysis of data flow and transport data. Ability to compile, format and present scientific reports is required
Advertised Salary: $45,000 - $60,000 Commensurate on Experience
Work Schedule: 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM
Pre-Employment Requirements: Criminal Background Check
Qualified candidates
are encouraged to apply to Job Opening ID 507894 at jobsearch.fiu.edu and attach
a cover letter, curriculum vitae, listing of three references, statement of
teaching philosophy in a single pdf file. To receive full consideration,
applications and required materials should be received by closing date of
position. Review will continue until position is filled.
FIU is a member of the State University System of Florida and is an Equal
Opportunity, Equal Access Affirmative Action Employer.
==========================================================================
学术期刊
-------------------------------------------
(2014年 12卷 3期)
高超音速二元机翼的颤振响应研究
Flutter analysis of 2-d aircraft wings in supersonic flow
叶欣,陈予恕[58](page:201-204)
一个粘弹性振子的动力学与控制
Dynamcis and control of an oscillator with viscoelastic item
罗佳伟,徐旭[54](page:210-214)
参数振动主动控制系统研究
Study on active control for parametric vibration system
傅晨宸,黄迪山[65](page:215-219)
-------------------------------------------
[返回本期目录栏]
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网络精华
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(原标题:院士谈人才 杨卫:不拘一格“评”人才)
杨卫认为,随着科研水平的提高,对于人才的要求也要从数量向质量转变,不能简单地以SCI作为依据,而应有更加精细化的更高水平的要求,这样才能引导人才往上走。图为科研人员在进行实验。CFP
开栏的话
建设创新型国家,人才是关键。拥有一大批创新型青年人才,是国家创新活力之所在,也是科技发展希望之所在。在不久前举行的两院院士大会上,习近平总书记希望广大院士肩负起培养青年科技人才的责任,甘为人梯,言传身教,慧眼识才,不断发现、培养、举荐人才,为拔尖创新人才脱颖而出铺路搭桥。本报今起开设专栏,约请部分两院院士代表,就如何培养造就一支规模宏大、结构合理、素质优良的创新型科技人才队伍发表见解。
中国科学院院士杨卫曾担任浙江大学校长7年,去年履新国家自然科学基金委主任。他在教育和科研领域的长期管理实践中,一直在关注和研究人才评价体系对人才成长的意义。日前,记者就此采访了他。
记者:近年来,学界要求改革人才评价机制的呼声强烈,但在具体做法上始终存在争议,对此你怎么看?
杨卫:关于人才评价体系的争论,不只在中国科学界,在世界范围内也是备受关注的问题。我认为,目前在人才评价方面存在四个难点:一是主观评价与客观评价的交缠。选取多位专家评议一个人才属于主观评价,而依据客观数据和资料评议属于客观评价,单独依靠哪种方式都会影响评价的准确性。二是定性评价与定量评价的交织,这个比较容易理解。三是专业评价和综合评价的交联。在一个学科内,行业专家可以给出一个人才的专业评价,但当两个不同学科的人才放在一起比较时,就需要综合性的总体评价,这二者有所不同。四是水平和绩效的交叉。比如说一个人才的学术水平很高,但他做出多少成绩、研发多少成果这类绩效也许短期内无法显现。在人才评价中经常会遇到这样的矛盾。
记者:在量化为主的现行评价体系下,有人提议借鉴欧美学界通行的同行专家评议制度,你认为现阶段可行吗?
杨卫:同行专家评议制度是国际上普遍认同的一种人才评价体系。在学科内选取足够数量的高水平同行专家,在充分全面地了解所评价对象的教学、科研和社会服务等方面信息的基础上,给出专业的判断,可以说是主观与客观的结合,但是偏向主观。这种多人评价的平均结果可能更接近实际情况,但需要注意的是,这种评价也需要被评估者提供详尽、全面的客观材料来供同行专家了解。据我所知,在国外比较好的高校中,一个人才想申请教授,准备材料需要很长时间,评判过程也常用到将近一年的时间。
这个制度主要依赖于高水平专家的评议。我国在“杰青”一类的人才计划评选中已经有了成功的实践。但是,目前在中国全面推行这个制度存在一定的困难,可能还需要科学共同体的进一步发育。
记者:你认为具体有哪些矛盾和困难?
杨卫:一是中国的科技起步较晚,目前还处在学术发展的阶段,虽然做学术研究的人越来越多,但相对来讲,高水平的专家仍然比较稀缺。这种“稀缺”和“需要被评价的人数众多”是一对明显的矛盾。二是专业评价和跨专业评价的矛盾。在跨专业评价面前,如何平衡不同学科专家在主观评议上的影响,来保证各学科的公平,是一个制度设计难题。三是如何选择专家。专家之间有没有利益冲突?专家与申请者之间有没有特殊关系?某些较强势的专家会不会影响他人的观点?这些问题都需要仔细考虑。
为了宏观调控,人才管理部门往往会试图选择一种适用于所有人的、相对客观地将学者贡献定量评估出来的方法,并使得评估结果对管理层和大众舆论更具有说服力。这种评价体系作为调控人才的一种手段,如果能和主观评价相结合、相辅助,则不乏益处,但若有几个难点没有把握好,比如评价体系的可移植性、可演进性、区间调控性和非主导原则,就可能引得学风和学术生态偏离方向。
记者:在你看来,怎样才算是一个好的人才评价体系?
杨卫:我认为人才评价体系的设计应适度超前,才能发挥引导作用。随着时代发展,它应当不断演进,不能被条条框框束缚住。
首先,人才评价制度要适应各个单位的实际,坚持实事求是。现在某些科研单位在设立评价标准时喜欢效仿他人,这里一定要注意“可移植性”,因为刚起步的科研单位与高水平的科研单位,在人才评估上的侧重点肯定是不同的。其次,评价体系不能长期不变,要有制度保证它不断演进。随着科研水平提高,对于人才的要求也要从数量向质量转变,不能简单以SCI作为依据,而应有更加精细化的更高水平的要求,这样才能引导人才往上走。再次,对于评价体系要有一个尺度的把握。如果政策主导性太强,就容易过度;量化指标做得太细,就容易让学者不自觉地被评价体系所绑架,所以,政策应具有拉动性和引导性。最后,学科和学术贡献都是具有差异性的。例如文科与理科之间,就在科研成果、项目经费等各个方面存在极大不同,二者不能用同一个评价体系来考评,否则文科将大大吃亏。即使是从事理科的,做基础研究和做工程、转化等,其学术贡献和科研绩效也是无法统一类比的。所以说,分类评价管理十分必要。
此外,参照国际上的经验,一个学者在刚刚起步、工作5~10年、10~15年三个阶段,或者说是从将才成长为帅才的不同发展阶段,评价的标准和着眼点是不同的,应分别侧重个人学术能力、影响力和领导力。我国的评价体系仍普遍侧重学术能力考评,目前正处于上行过程,需要摸着石头过河,发展动态的评价体系。
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结 束
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