力学动态”文摘,第45卷,第3期,2019年2月10日

 

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编者按:《力学动态》文摘由江苏省力学学会 、河海大学力学与材料学院主办每月10日和25日发送,免费订阅、自由退订。欢迎发布信息、交流体会、共享经验

                


本期目录:

     新闻报道    

     戴兰宏等七位专家被中国科协聘任为第六批全国首席科学传播专家

     中国力学学会第102次青年学术沙龙纪要

     2019年国际大学生工程力学竞赛亚洲赛区(首届)在河海大学成功举行

     学术会议        

      2019Asian Workshop on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (AWTAM 2019)

      招生招聘   

      Fully funded PhD Positions within new HetSys Centre for Doctoral Training at Warwick for October 2019 start

      Multiple Ph.D. Positions focusing on real-time SHM, structural mechanics, and intelligent infrastructure at the University of South Carolina

    学术期刊 

    《工程力学》2019年01期

   部分期刊近期目录
    网络精华  

    鼓励科研人员做科普,不能只说说而已

    中国科幻电影元年 需着陆在科学基础之上

   友情链接

   

 

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新闻报道
 

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戴兰宏等七位专家被中国科协聘任为第六批全国首席科学传播专家

(摘自中国力学学会网站)

 

由中国力学学会推荐的戴兰宏、冯西桥、亢一澜、李家春、李俊峰、龙勉和朱克勤七位专家被中国科协聘任为第六届全国首席科学传播专家。此次中国科协一共聘任全国首席科学传播专家179名,聘期3年。

 

 

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中国力学学会第102次青年学术沙龙纪要

(摘自中国力学学会网站)

 

中国力学学会第102次青年学术沙龙暨新春座谈会于2019年1月25日下午在北京西郊宾馆举行。本次活动由中国力学学会秘书处主办并承办,来自清华大学、北京大学、中国科学院力学研究所、北京交通大学、北京工业大学、北京航空航天大学、北京科技大学、北京理工大学、北京强度环境研究所、大连理工大学、东南大学、复旦大学、华中科技大学、暨南大学、南京航空航天大学、山东大学、上海大学、天津大学、武汉理工大学、西安财经大学、西安交通大学、西北工业大学、西南交通大学、湘潭大学、浙江大学等多所单位的近70名代表参加了此次活动。中国力学学会副秘书长段慧玲教授主持了沙龙活动。

中国力学学会常务副秘书长、学会秘书处主任汤亚南代表学会向各位与会专家的到来表示热烈欢迎,随后她简单回顾了2018年沙龙的活动情况和报告安排,重点介绍了沙龙第97次大师面对面活动和第100次庆祝活动的情况,并介绍了2019年的沙龙活动计划。她指出青年学术沙龙是学会的品牌特色活动,新老朋友相互交流相互探讨的平台,希望今后继续得到广大青年朋友的关注和支持。

本次沙龙共邀请了3位报告人,分别是中国科学院力学研究所何国威院士,湘潭大学郑学军教授和北京大学李法新教授。

何国威院士的报告题目是“漫谈湍流的三个课题:K41理论,大涡模拟和机器学习”,他从“什么是湍流”谈起,介绍了湍流70年的研究进展。从1941年的湍流统计理论到1980年的计算机模拟,湍流吸引了数学、物理、力学等不同的学科专家的关注。他指出之前的研究重在空间尺度,忽略了时间尺度,于是建立湍流的时间和空间的关联,成为湍流近期研究的关注点。在此基础上,进一步探讨了寻找湍流终极态,潜航器和核反应堆的数值模拟以及通过机器学习研究湍流等问题。

郑学军教授的报告题目是“微机电工程的力学问题”。他介绍了功能低维材料力学、微纳机械学、压电光电子学、薄膜器件力学,针对微纳机电工程中的关键力学问题,建立力学性能表征和分析的理论及实验方法,进而更好地指导微纳机电系统的工程化应用。他下一步的研究工作将重点关注基于微纳加工技术阻变存储器件的性能调控。

李法新教授的报告题目是“基于压电材料的非频散SH导波激励与超大致动应变”,他首先介绍平板和管道中单模态SH导波的激励、全向型SH波压电换能器及在SHM中的应用。随后他详述了正交周期极化压电陶瓷中的超大制动应变。基于他的研究工作,SH波的研究将告别主要依靠理论和计算模拟的时代,科研有效地开展实验研究,探索新现象。

沙龙会场座无虚席,与会代表针对报告内容进行了热烈的讨论和交流,第102次沙龙在轻松的气氛下落下了帷幕。

 

 

 

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2019年国际大学生工程力学竞赛亚洲赛区(首届)在河海大学成功举行

(摘江苏省力学学会)

 

1月21-23日,由河海大学、江苏省力学学会承办的2019年国际大学生工程力学竞赛亚洲赛区(首届)在河海大学江宁校区举行。来自亚洲48所高校308名学生参加竞赛。

河海大学党委书记、江苏省力学学会理事长唐洪武教授出席开幕式并致辞。河海大学副校长徐卫亚教授,竞赛专家委员会主任、上海大学原副校长叶志明教授,白俄罗斯国立交通大学Alexandr Shimanovsky教授,竞赛委员会副主任、兰州大学周又和教授出席开幕式。河海大学副校长董增川教授与竞赛委员会专家进行了交流。开幕式由河海大学力学与材料学院院长王媛教授主持。

国际大学生工程力学竞赛是由俄联邦多所高校在2005年共同发起。本次竞赛是由国际大学生工程力学竞赛组委会授权的首届亚洲赛区竞赛,秘书处常设在河海大学力学与材料学院。本次亚洲赛区的竞赛分为个人赛和团队赛。个人赛竞赛时间为4小时;团队赛由3位参赛选手协同合作完成,竞赛时间为1小时。竞赛试卷和选手作答均为英语。试卷由国际大学生工程力学竞赛组委会委托白俄罗斯交通大学出题,并派专人携带送到国内,在考场当面拆封。试卷批改和统分全过程均在白俄罗斯专家的严格监督下完成。经过两天激烈角逐,共评出个人赛特等奖31名,一等奖64名,二等奖92名;根据参赛学校个人赛前3位学生成绩总和进行学校团体奖排名:特等奖5所学校、一等奖10所学校、二等奖15所学校。团队赛特等奖12队、一等奖19队、二等奖33队。团体奖优胜学校将获得参加4月份在白俄罗斯戈梅利举行的第十五届国际大学生工程力学竞赛的资格。

本次竞赛是首次将国际力学赛事引入中国的一次很好的尝试,为中国学生提供参加国际竞赛的一次良好体验,搭建了力学界同仁相互学习、相互借鉴、共同提高的平台,发挥了学科竞赛在高等教育人才培养、教学提升、素质教育上的引导作用,对力学学科发展产生了积极影响。

 

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学术会议

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2019Asian Workshop on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (AWTAM 2019)

 

 

Hangzhou, China, August 24-25, 2019

Proposed by BICTAM, Beijing International Center for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, the 2019 Asian Workshop on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (AWTAM 2019) will be held from 24 to 25 August 2019 at Hangzhou International Expo Center, the main venue for the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit, in Hangzhou, China. The objectives of the workshop are to provide a forum for scientists and engineers from Asian and Pacific countries who are interested in various aspects of theoretical and applied mechanics to exchange ideas and to extend further cooperation among others. The workshop is to forge cooperative links between researches and engineers by bringing them to one place where they present their achievements and conduct discussions.

The workshop is now calling for participants from Asian and Pacific countries (researchers from other countries are equally welcome) to submit abstracts that are related to various aspects of theoretical and applied mechanics. The topic includes, but not limited to, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, dynamics and control, biomechanics and mechanobiology, applied mechanics, and engineering analyses etc.

The workshop is now calling for participants from Asian and Pacific countries (researchers from other countries are equally welcome) to submit abstracts that are related to various aspects of theoretical and applied mechanics. The topic includes, but not limited to, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, dynamics and control, biomechanics and mechanobiology, applied mechanics, and engineering analyses etc.

All submissions should be completed by sending email to the secretary (lucf@zju.edu.cn) of the Organizing Committee.

Sponsors

Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Beijing International Center for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Deadlines

Abstract submission, April 30, 2019

Notification of acceptance, May 15, 2019

Release of visa documents, May 31, 2019

Registration

The registration fee for the workshop is 600 RMB and should be charged at the registration desk.

All participants are encouraged to attend the Chinese Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 2019 (CCTAM2019) which is held from 25 to 28 August 2019 also at Hangzhou International Expo Center. Those who intend to participate CCTAM2019 will be charged a registration fee, and thus the registration fee for the workshop is waived. More details will be announced on the CSTAM's website that will be opened soon.

Accommodation

All participants to the workshop are recommended to book hotel near Hangzhou International Expo Center. The CCTAM2019 also offers low price hotels for all participants to the workshop. The hotel reservation should be finished through the CSTAM’s website that will be opened soon.

Academic Committee

Co-chairmen

Jiachun Li, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Wei Yang, Zhejiang University, China

Members

Yong Tian Chew, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Jing Fan, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China。

Youshi Hong, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Haiyan Hu, Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Seyoung Im, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea

Tianjian Lu, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China

Miles B. Rubin, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

Jianxiang Wang, Peking University, China

Wei-Chung Wang, Taiwan University, Taiwan, China

Graham Weir, Massey University, New Zealand

Tongxi Yu, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China

Hongwu Zhang, Dalian University of Technology, China

Quanshui Zheng, Tsinghua University, China

Xiaojing Zheng, Xidian University, China

Organizing committee

Co-chairmen

Xiqiao Feng, Tsinghua University, China

Weiqiu Chen, Zhejiang University, China

Members

Changqing Chen, Tsinghua University, China

Jie Chen, Beijing International Center for Theoretical and Applied

Mechanics, China

Shaohua Chen, Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Qian Ding, Tianjin University, China

Chung Fang, Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, China

Guoqing Hu, Zhejiang University, China

M. Reza Eslami, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran

Weixi Huang, Tsinghua University, China

Santosh Kapuria, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Jizhou Song, Zhejiang University, China

Shaoqiang Tang, Peking University, China

Shaoqiang Tang, Peking University, China, China

Nat Vorayos, Ching Mai University, Tailand

Jizeng Wang, Lanzhou University, China

Feng Xu, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

Feng Xu, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

Jie Yang, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia

Haiming Yao, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

Chung Bang Yun, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea

Chung Bang Yun, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea

Secretary

Chaofeng Lü, Zhejiang University, China

Correspondence

Queries about the workshop may be sent to the following secretary of the workshop.

Dr. Chaofeng Lü

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Zhejiang University

Phone: 86-571-8820 8473

Phone: 86-571-8820 8473

Miss Qingping Zhang

Miss Qingping Zhang

Zhejiang University

Phone: 135 8817 7907

E-mail: zhangqingping@zju.edu.cn

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招生招聘
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Fully funded PhD Positions within new HetSys Centre for Doctoral Training at Warwick for October 2019 start

 

HetSys is an entirely new EPSRC-supported CDT which will train people to challenge current state-of-the-art in computational modelling of heterogeneous, real-world systems across a range of research themes such as nanoscale devices, new catalysts, superalloys, smart fluids, laser-plasma interactions etc.

The HetSys team are recruiting a cohort of enthusiastic students from across the physical sciences who enjoy using their mathematical skills and thinking flexibly to solve complex problems to join our new EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Modelling of Heterogeneous Systems (HetSys, https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/hetsys) at the University of Warwick, UK.

HetSys is built around a closely knit, highly collaborative team of academics from five science departments (Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Mathematics and the Warwick Manufacturing Group) at Warwick with a strong track record in leading large projects. With its project partners HetSys will develop talented, energetic PhD students to push boundaries in this exciting field. The students will therefore inspire new ideas, approaches and innovation and become future leaders in developing new technologies.

The first HetSys Open Day will be held on the afternoon of Wed 20th Feb on campus at Warwick, please register via https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/hetsys/events/opendays/

Full funding is mainly for UK/EU candidates, and 1-2 outstanding international candidates.

For more details of the HetSys training programme, our current PhD Projects or to register for the open day see the HetSys webpage at https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/hetsys or contact us by emailing hetsys@warwick.ac.uk.

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Multiple Ph.D. Positions focusing on real-time SHM, structural mechanics, and intelligent infrastructure at the University of South Carolina

Dr. Austin Downey in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Carolina is looking for multiple Ph.D. students who wish to work in the fields of real-time structural health monitoring (SHM), structural mechanics, structural control, and intelligent infrastructure. Successful candidates must be excited to work in an interdisciplinary and international environment that will fuse concepts from solid mechanics, machine learning, real-time computing, prognostics, and multifunctional materials. All candidates must be able to work on projects with both theoretical and applied aspects. Ph.D. students are sought for various projects, including aspects of the following:

algorithms and methodologies for structural prognostics in a real-time environment

real-time monitoring and control of structures for aerospace and civil applications

modeling and measurements of structures experiencing high-rate dynamics

modeling and characterization of friction interfaces in dynamic environments

multifunctional structural materials for aerospace and civil applications

Application

All positions start fall 2019. Applicants should have a background in mechanical, civil, electrical, or aerospace engineering. Candidates with strong backgrounds in coding (Python, C+, MATLAB), mechanics, electronics, and finite element modeling are encouraged to apply. Preferred applicants will have a Master of Science with published academic works. Additionally, those with U.S. citizenship or permanent residency are highly encouraged to apply. Positions are fully funded, including tuition fees and a competitive stipend. Additional funding will also be provided to support participation in conferences, workshops, and research visits to project partners. To apply, interested candidates are invited to send a detailed CV (including transcripts, honors, previous work, programming skills, publications, GRE scores, etc.) and contact information for two references to Dr. Austin Downey via email to adowney2@cec.sc.edu. Additional funding is available for exceptional students who have an engineering degree from a school in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), visit sec-engineering.org for more information.

University of South Carolina

The University of South Carolina in Columbia founded in 1801 and is the only institution in South Carolina to be classified as having ``very high research activity'' by the Carnegie Foundation for Advancement of Teaching, its highest rating. The university is also recognized for superior student experiences and is committed to developing flexible new models for college access and affordability. It has a total enrollment of 34,099 and is situated in downtown Columbia, the capital city of South Carolina.

Attachment: PhD_recruitment.pdf

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    学术期刊

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《工程力学》

2019年01期

 

荷载与环境共同作用下混凝土耐久性研究进展

 罗大明;牛荻涛;苏丽;

膜结构极小曲面找形的一种自适应有限元分析

 袁驷;蒋凯峰;邢沁妍;

一种隔离损伤的桁架结构性态识别方法

 白鲁帅;李钢;靳永强;李宏男;

由小尺寸试件确定混凝土的断裂韧度与拉伸强度

 管俊峰;姚贤华;白卫峰;陈记豪;付金伟;

O型钢板-高阻尼黏弹性复合型消能器的力学性能试验与分析

 陈云;陈超;蒋欢军;万志威;刘涛;

水下爆炸作用下弹塑性船体梁整体运动模型及损伤特性

 李海涛;张振华;牟金磊;刘丽滨;

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部分期刊近期目录

固体力学学报

力学与实践

Mechanics of Materials (Volume 131)

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鼓励科研人员做科普,不能只说说而已

(摘自科学网)

“一旦科学家缺位,非专业的‘科普’就会来‘补位’,谣言就有了存在的空间和条件。如果连科研人员都对科普敬而远之,又如何能做到‘让公众理解科学’?”

 

在近日召开的上海两会上,一位上海市政协委员在提案中建议,应该在各项人才考核的指标当中增加“科普”贡献的权重,让更多科学家担起科普责任。科研人员被认为是“科学传播的第一发球员”,但在我国,他们在科普活动中却常常缺席。鼓励科学家做科普的话说了很多,配套激励机制的建设也应提上日程。

近年来,已有很多调查对科研人员参与科普创作的情况进行了分析研究。结论是类似的——科研人员对参与科普创作的认同度高,意愿较强,但行动力弱。时间精力不足,激励机制不健全是影响他们开展科普创作的主要障碍。

在现行的科研评价和人才评价中,占据核心地位的指标,依然是论文、著作和项目。但是,论文发表并非终点,反而恰恰应该是科技成果转化和科学传播的起点。

因为,科学不仅仅是科学共同体内部的科学,更是公共领域的科学。科学家有义务向公众解释自己的科研成果。何况,一旦科学家缺位,非专业的“科普”就会来“补位”,谣言就有了存在的空间和条件。很多科学问题没有定论,在这些存在争论的领域,也更需要科研人员站出来,以大量的研究数据为依据,用专业的态度和公众开展对话。如果连科研人员都对科普敬而远之,又如何能做到“让公众理解科学”?

其实,相关政策已经出台。比如《关于科研机构和大学向社会开放开展科普活动的若干意见》中就明确指出,建议完善科研人员参与科学传播的业绩考核办法,将其视为科研人员职称评定、岗位聘任的重要依据。不过,类似这样的政策基本流于表面,只有“鼓励”“倡导”,没有操作细则,没有硬性约束,只是看起来很美。

已有一些高校和科研院所迈出了改革的步伐。比如,浙江大学2017年发布新政,指出教师和学生在网络媒体上发表“10万+”阅读量的原创文章,可被认定为在国内学术期刊发表文章。从科学传播的角度来看,这正是将科普纳入人才评价体系的创新之举。不过,究竟如何评价科普产生的效果?阅读量是不是科学合理的衡量指标?如果要在科研考评体系中加入科普贡献,就还得建立一套科普效果评价指标体系。这也需要在实践中积累经验,不断调整和完善评价指标。

当然,激励机制的建设,也不仅仅包括评价体系的改革,还应在科学共同体层面,形成科研与科普同等重要的集体认知。

美国国家科学基金会设有“非正规科学教育项目”,项目经费约占其总经费的1%左右;美国国家航空航天局要求所有获得资助的项目必须提取部分资金从事面向公众的科普活动;一些国际知名的科研机构甚至组建专业团队帮助科学家同普通公众进行交流。

科研人员做科普,不是不务正业,也不该单打独斗。如果真心认同科研人员做科普的价值,就该从激励机制上为他们保驾护航。让他们能热心搞科普、安心搞科普,给他们铺一条做科普的“花路”。(张盖伦)

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中国科幻电影元年 需着陆在科学基础之上

(摘自科学网)

 

“在某种程度上,公众对科幻作品的接受能力,也是社会科学素养高低的体现。对科学技术的未来有期待和向往,对科学创新的当下自然有动力和追求。近些年,常有本土科幻爱好者讨论中国科幻电影元年何时到来。其实,与其纠结于具体哪个年份,不如踏踏实实走好每一步,用实际行动推动本土科幻事业的发展。”

科幻电影《流浪地球》尚未上映,在舆论场上就引发一波热议。一些提前看过点映场的科幻迷,纷纷表示这部影片超出预期,在社交网络极力推荐。在票房竞争激烈的春节档,《流浪地球》有望成为一匹黑马。

科幻文学和影视作为艺术创作领域的独特门类,近年来受到越来越高的关注。与虚构类的纯文艺作品不同,科幻作品的想象基于现实科学基础之上。许多前人的科幻作品反复验证:人类先有科学幻想,后有发明创造,科幻作品往往是对未来的预言。

由刘慈欣同名科幻小说改编的《流浪地球》,讲述了太阳面临毁灭,人类为寻找新家园,在地球表面建造出巨大的推进器的故事。尽管这个故事的背景听起来有些危言耸听,但并非永远不会发生。不仅太阳作为一颗恒星有其固有生命周期,而且地球自身处在宇宙之中,完全可能面临各种来自外部空间的毁灭性打击。科幻的意义就在于提醒人们未雨绸缪,思考事关人类前途命运的深刻命题。

应当承认的是,与国际先进水平相比,我国科幻创作的整体发展水平依然有待提高。在很长一段时间内,国内科幻作家倾向于幻想的一面,却忽视科学的一面,科幻创作文学性有余,但科学性水准明显欠缺。近年来,刘慈欣、郝景芳等国内优秀科幻作家获得国际奖项,标志着本土科幻文学终于逐步赶上了科幻大国的水平。 科幻文学和科幻影视也是一个国家文化软实力的重要衡量指标。在好莱坞大片里,科幻电影一直都是不容忽视的重要门类,在全球票房收入排列靠前的影视片中,《阿凡达》《侏罗纪世界》等都带有科幻属性,而《星际穿越》《地心引力》等“硬核”科幻影片,同样在全球市场受到欢迎。

相应地,科幻影视对影视工业制作能力的要求也更高。之所以过去国产科幻片少有佳作,诸多打着科幻旗号的作品只是牵强附会,动不动就是外星人来到地球,洋溢出浓烈的山寨之风,很重要的原因也在于国内影视工业发展基础薄弱。如今,国内影视工业逐步接近世界先进水平,而且越来越多地向发达国家取经,开展全球合作,才为制作《流浪地球》这样的硬核科幻片创造了条件。

然而,制作水准只是表面要求,科幻作品的科学性,才是衡量其真实价值的主要标准。以电影《星际穿越》为例,在编剧环节,制片方就邀请加州理工学院理论物理学家基普·索恩加盟。制片方还要求,这部电影里不能有任何东西违背已经确立的物理定律。最终,《星际穿越》给观众带来的最大魅力,不在于演员精湛的演技,也不在于美轮美奂的画面,而在于其科学上的严谨。有关这部电影的热门讨论,也多是对相关科学理论知识的背景介绍。

就《流浪星球》的原著小说而言,已有读者指出其存在不少科学上的“硬伤”。相对于《三体》这样的鸿篇巨制,《流浪星球》并不属于刘慈欣最成熟的作品。此番影视改编,是否能够修正其科学上的明显错误,是观众和业内有识之士的关注点。不管怎样,中国科幻要摒弃不着边际的幻想,朝着科学性与想象力兼顾的正确方向发展。

在某种程度上,公众对科幻作品的接受能力,也是社会科学素养高低的体现。对科学技术的未来有期待和向往,对科学创新的当下自然有动力和追求。近些年,常有本土科幻爱好者讨论中国科幻电影元年何时到来。其实,与其纠结于具体哪个年份,不如踏踏实实走好每一步,用实际行动推动本土科幻事业的发展。我们期待,像《流浪地球》这样真正以科幻为主题的影视片越来越多、越来越好。

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